Syntax wrote:
Question is, how many possible numbers can be explained mathematically for a given truncated series, and whether this is infinite {sic}. If not, what is the correlation between the length of the original series alongside its statistical features and the number of possible mathematically reasoned answers.
Yes, numerical series are a passion of mine 
There are indeed an infinite number of possibilities for any truncated sequence.
Say you're given n terms in the sequence, and you have to determine the next number.
Treat each term, in order, as y-values for a graph. The x-values can be either 0...n-1 or 1...n, depending on what you want.
You can find a polynomial that will describe all of these points. (I'm pretty sure the polynomial is also of degree n or less, but not 100% certain).
Next, you can choose any y-value for your next x, and find a polynomial that satisfies all of those. Since you can choose any y-value to be the next number, and find a proper polynomial, the amount of terms is infinite.
Question from me: Is the cardinality of the solution set to any sequence aleph-null or aleph-one?
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