I brought all but one of the golems up the long passage in the rightmost column. The golem that didn't come up that passage was
I ventured out onto the trapdoors 4 times, each time manipulating the golems as much as possible on the normal floor before stepping onto the trapdoors. Details:
×The first and second times, I made a complete anti-clockwise circuit around the outside, and each time only needed to drop a straight path one door wide by pausing in key places. After the second circuit and some manipulation on normal floor, one golem was releasable right away, two more were near the door, and the last one was at the bottom of that vertical passage on the right.
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×The third time, I entered again from the north, but only needed to go a short way and back. When I was done, the remaining trapdoors made a path two doors wide around the outside edge of the trapdoor area, so I essentially hollowed out that additional alcove to the north. I was able to release another two golems at this time.
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×The final time was to bring that last golem around the wall just south of the exit, and for that I went again anti-clockwise from the north but only about halfway around, then back again. This released the last golem, and when I was done, there were no trapdoors left in the top half of the trapdoor area.